Transcript
A presentation on…..
FACTS
FACTS DEVICES??
BENEFITS OF FACTS
MAINTENA NCE OF FACTS MAINTENANCE OPERATION OF FACTS
IDENTIF ICATION TION OF O F FACTS IDENTIFICA FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
Flexible
Alternating Current Transmission System
FACTS as they are generally known, are new devices that improve transmission systems.
1. Static VAR Compensators (SVC’s) 2. Thyristor controlled series compensators (TCSCs) 3. STATCOM 4. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)
Benefits of utilizing FACTS devices : UPFC
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Better utilization of existing transmission system assets
Increased transmission system reliability and availability
Increased dynamic and transient grid
stability and reduction of loop flows
Increased quality of supply for sensitive industries
Environmental benefits
TECHNICAL BENEFITS OF MAIN FACT DEVICE
Voltage Limits
Low Voltage at Supply Reactive Shunt capacitor, SVC, heavy loads Power Series STATCOM Capacitor
TCSC,
High voltage at Remove light load Reactive Power supply
TCSC,
Switch EHV SVC, Line and\or STATCOM shunt capacitor
Absorb Reactive Power
Switch Shunt SVC,STATCOM capacitor, Shunt Reactor
High voltage Absorb following Reactive outage Power
Add shunt SVC,STATCOM reactor
Protect Equipment
Add arrestor
SVC
Low Voltage Supply reactive Switch Shunt SVC,STATCOM following power capacitor, Outage reactor, series capacitor Prevent
Series
Reactor, TCPAR,TCSC
Thermal Limits
Line or Reduce Transformer Overload Overload
Add line or TCSC, UPFC, TCPAR transformer Add series SVC, TCSC reactor
Tripping of Limit Circuit Add series UPFC, TCSC Parallel loading reactor, circuit (line) capacitor Loop flows
Parallel line Adjust series Add series UPFC, TCSC load sharing reactance capacitor/reac tor Adjust phase Add PAR angle Post-fault sharing
Rearrange network use
TCPAR,UPFC
PAR, Series TCSC,UPFC,SVC,TCP or Capacitor/ AR Reactor
“Thermal Limit”
actions Flow Direction Adjust
Phase PAR
TCPAR,UPFC
Short Circuit Levels
Excessive breaker Limit Short-circuit Add series Reactor, new fault currents currents circuit breaker
Change breaker
Sub Sync. resonance
Potential Turbine
Circuit Add new circuit Breaker
Rearrange network
Split Bus
Mitigate Oscillations
Series Compensation
Investment costs of FACTS devices
a) The devices’ equipment costs, and (b) The necessary infrastructure costs
160
160 140 120
140 120 STATCOM
100 80
100 80
SVC 60
60
40 20
40 20 100
200
300
400
500
UPFC
T CSC
FSC.
100
200
300
400
500
FINANCIAL BENEFITS:
1. Additional sales 2. Additional wheeling charges 3. Avoiding or delaying of investments
Maintenance of FACTS devices
is minimal and similar to that required for shunt capacitors, reactors and transformers
The amount of maintenance ranges from 150 to 250 man-hours per year
Operation of FACTS devices
operated automatically
can be done locally and remotely
Steps for the Identification of FACTS
Projects:
Performance Verification
Projects
to conduct a detailed network study to investigate the critical conditions of a grid
For a stable grid, the optimized utilization of the transmission lines could be investigated
an economical study can be performed to compare costs of FACTS devices or conventional solutions with the achievable benefits.
Performance Verification
The design of all FACTS devices should be tested in a transient network analyzer (TNA)
The results of the TNA tests should be consistent with the results of the network study
Bibliography: .
Electrical power systems by C.L.Wadhawa, new age publishers www.abb.com
www.siemens.com
