Transcript
Starter – 9-11-14 • Define the following words using your textbook: • • • • • • • • •
Pulpwood Hardwood Conifers Evergreen Deciduous Softwood Veneer Forest Silviculture
Environmental Science Essential Standard 5.00: Understand the environmental science industry (water, soils, wildlife and forestry).
Objective 5.01 • Remember careers in the environmental science industry.
Major career areas of Environmental Science • Wildlife • animals that are adapted to live in a natural environment without the help of humans
• Forestry • industry that grows, manages, and harvests trees for lumber, posts, panels, paper and many other commodities
Examples of careers in Environmental Science • Silviculturist– one who scientifically manages forests (specializing in the care of trees) • Forestry consultant– advises private forest land owners. • Loggers– one who harvests trees • Urban Forester– the one responsible for the health and well-being of our cities trees
Examples of careers in Environmental Science • Forester – provides assistance in managing forests for the private landowner as well as the commercial grower • Timber Cruiser – are hired by private landowners and companies to estimate tree volume on a tract of land • Logging foreman – is responsible for overseeing and managing logging operations • Skidder operators – move felled trees form the cutting site to the loading area
Objective 5.03 • Understand basic environmental science principles and practices.
Forest Management • Northern coniferous forest • largest region and produces large amounts of pulpwood
• Pacific Coast Forest • most productive of the forest regions • some of the largest trees in the world • Douglas Fir • one of the most important commercially grown trees
Forest Management • Southern forests • Most potential for meeting the future lumber and pulpwood needs of the US • Conifers/Evergreen • Virginia, loblolly, shortleaf, longleaf and slash pines
• Hardwoods/Deciduous • Oak, poplar, maple and walnut
Importance of Forests • Recreation • hunting, hiking
• Wood products • lumber, pulpwood, etc.
• Wildlife habitat • Filter • water and air
Silviculture • Scientific forest management techniques • Managing growing timber • Prescribed burning • Used to reduce the risk of wildfires by eliminating forest litter (fuel)
• Prescribed thinning • Recommended to remove some trees when competition slows the growth of all trees
Silviculture • Harvesting Timber • Clear cutting • system of harvesting trees where all of the trees in an area are removed
• Selection cutting • recommended for a forest of trees consisting of different ages and species
• Replacing trees that have been harvested • A surer method of replacing harvested trees is to plant seedlings. • Natural seeding • least expensive
Identification and Uses of Important Tree Species in NC • Conifers (softwoods) – needle-type evergreens • Frazier fir • Most important commercially grown Christmas Tree in NC (mountains) • dark green ½-1” long singular needle
• Loblolly pine • pulpwood and plywood • 3 needles/bundle, needles 6-9” long needles.
• Longleaf pine • lumber, pulpwood and plywood
• 3 needles/bundle, 8-18” long needles
Identification and Uses of Important Tree Species in NC • Hardwoods – deciduous trees • Ash • baseball bats, handles • opposite pinnately compound leaves
• White oak • flooring, furniture • alternate, pinnately lobed leaves,
• Red Maple • lumber, veneer, cabinets • opposite, palmately lobed,3-5 lobed
Measurement of Trees and Lumber
• Pulpwood • DBH, merchantable height in feet, cords
• Sawtimber • DBH, 16 foot logs, board feet
• Lumber • 1 board foot = 144 cubic inches
Objective 5.04 • Remember tools and their safety practices related to the environmental science industry.
Examples of tools used in Environmental Science • Bush axe • Cutting bushes and under growth
Examples of tools used in Environmental Science • Chain saw file • Sharpening chain saw chain
Examples of tools used in Environmental Science • Half hatchet • Cutting and fitting firewood
Examples of tools used in Environmental Science • Increment borer • Checking growth rate of trees
Examples of tools used in Environmental Science • Planting bar • Setting out tree seedlings
Examples of tools used in Environmental Science • Tree diameter tape • Measure circumference of trees
Examples of tools used in Environmental Science • Clinometer • used to measure the height of a tree
Examples of tools used in Environmental Science • Tree scale stick used to measure tree diameter and height
