Transcript
Definisi
Aerotroolis
An aerotropolis is an
Analogous in shape to the
traditionalmetroolismadeuof
uran compex wose
layout, infrastructure and
economy are centered on
a central city and its rings of
commuter-heavy suburbs, the
aerotropolis consists of an airport
an airport.
and clusters of aviation-linked
businesses and associated
residential developments.
4
4
Sumber : Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next? Interview with John D. Kasarda, ATLANTIS -MAGAZINE BY POLIS -
PLATFORM FOR URBANISM, #22.3 December 2011).
4
Perubahan Posisi Bandara Terhadap Kota
5
Evolusi Function dan Form Airport-Centric Commercial Development
6
Aerotropolis Schematic
7
7
7
Taoyuan Taiwan version of Airport City Schematic
8
8
8
Peran Aerocity
Dalam Linku Makro/Reional
9
Peran Bandara dalam Perekonomian Global
1.Perekonomian suatu negara terkait dengan perekonomian global melalui kota-kota
yang disebut sebagai :
a.World city.
b.Global city.
. .
2.Untuk berhubungan dengan perekonomian global tersebut. Salah satu hal yang
harus dimiliki negara tersebut adalah keberadaan kota, yang disebut sebagai :
airport city
,
aerotropolis
atau
airport corridor
.
3.Kesuksesan bandara bergantung kepada faktor-faktor seperti :
a.Ketersediaan lahan untuk pengembangan di bandara.
b.Lokasi bandara dalam lingkup jaringan praarana wilayah.
-
. .
d.Kerangka kelembagaan pemerintahan setempat.
e.Kerangka perencanaan (
planning framework
).
10
Karakteristik Dasar Global City
1.Karakteristik Ekonomi.
2.Karakteristik Politis.
3.Karakteristik Budaya.
4.Karakteristik Prasarana.
Evaluasi peringkat untuk 4 kategori alpha city didasarkan atas : kegiatan bisnis, SDM,
pertukaran informasi, pengalaman budaya, dan kepastian politik.
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Bandara Soekarno Hatta & BIJB
BandaraKotaStatus Global City
Soekarno-HattaJakartaAlphaMinus
BIJBMajalengka/Bandung?
12
Peran Aero City/Aerotropolis
Pertumbuhan
Tenaga
Kerja
•
Bentuk Urban Baru
•
Rantai Permintaan Global
•
“Internet”
•
Aerotropolis
onom
•
Bandara lebih dari sebatas infrastruktur
•
Penerbangan
•
Zona pertemuan
•
Angkutan umum
Termin
Kota Bandara
Off Airport
Off Airport
•
ecepaan eraap pasar
a
Aerotropolis
Populasi
Pariwisata
Kawasan
Kawasan
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13
Dampak Ekonomi dari Penerbangan Komersial
Dampak Langsung
Permintaan pemasukan perantara dan hasil
investasi dari aktivitas ekonomi di kawasan
bandara
Dampak Tidak Langsung
,
dari lokasi pemesanan menuju penjual oleh
perusahaan di bandara
Dampak Pasti
Produksi, tenaga kerja, dan hasil pendapatan dari
•
konsumsi belanja dari pendapatan oleh tenaga
kerja bandara
•
Konsumsi belanja dari pendapatam oleh pekerja
pedagangan bandara
Dampak Katalis
Sumber : Looking in all the wrong places? Catalytic effects in the context of product
cycle theory.
Stephen J. Appold and John D. Kasarda
Faktor Utama
Penembanan Aerocit
15
Faktor Utama Pertumbuhan Kota Bandara
Sumber penerimaan yang tidak terkait kegiatan penerbangan.
Kebutuhan sektor komersial akan lahan.
Pertumbuhan konstan penumpang dan kargo.
Bandara yang berfungsi sebagai katalis dan magnet untuk perkembangan kegiatan
bisnis di sekitarnya.
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Faktor Utama Pertumbuhan Kota Bandara
Kegiatan terkait langsung dengan penerbangan.
Kegiatan terkait dengan fungsi bandara.
Keiatan berorientasi bandara.
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Airport City Success Factors
18
18
Sumber : Sustainable Airport Region, Managing Airport Cities: Benchmark Study 2008, Stephanie Betz
18
Airport City Success Factors
Kombinasi dari 8 faktor ini menentukan dalam penerapan, praktek, dan keberhasilan konsep Kota Bandara
4
Kerangka Kerja
Sistem Legal
Interaksi ahli perencana
Struktur Pemegang
Saham
Dari operator bandara
Kepemimpinan
Organisasi
kometensi
5
1
Relasi negara/ kota
Â
Dalam konteks kota/
kawasan
Hubungan lokal/
internasional
Perencanaan dan
Budaya Pengembangan
Faktor Keberhasilan
Kota Bandara
6
Funsi Utama Bandara
Perjanjian Pemegang
7
Kondisi Keruangan
Persyaratan penerbangan/ non
penerbangan
Profil penerbangan
Posisi
Struktur Jaringan
Saham/ Stakeholder
Visi dan Strategis
Kerja sama dan komunikasi
3
8
19
Sumber : Sustainable Airport Region, Managing Airport Cities: Benchmark Study 2008, Stephanie Betz
ketersediaan
Faktor Utama Pengembangan Aero City/Aerotropolis
Key Factors That Facilitate Airport-Centric Development
Kolaborasi
StakeholderÂ
Pengembangan
bandara
Sumber dana
Pengembangan
kawasan
Hubungan
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National Airspace System -Airport-centric Development
Faktor-Faktor Penggerak Perkembangan Aero City
1.Long-haul jet aircraft connecting people, products, and enterprises world-wide.
2.Supply chain processes where parts and components are manufactured in a half-dozen different countries,
.
3.The growth of world tourism.
4.“Must have it now” consumer age.
.r cargo was e prmary rver.
6.Rapid passenger and cargo growth.
7.New economy products (typically small, light, compact, high value-to-weight parts, components and
asseme proucts are ncreasngy sppe nternatonay y ar n a ast an age manner.
8.The huge volume of time-critical products (including perishables) such as micro-electronics,
pharmaceuticals, medical devices and aerospace equipment traversing international boundaries by air
annuay as resue n ar cargo accounng or approxmaey o e vaue o oays wor rae.
9.In order to gain a competitive advantage through the speedy global supply-chain connectivity that air cargo
provides, high-tech manufacturers and other time-critical industries are locating at sites around or
accesse o we-connece arpors.
10.As their suppliers and logistics providers co-locate, they drive additional investment and employment
growth in airport regions.
21
Tahapan
Penembanan
22
Metodologi (Ideal)
Thinking Like Developers
23
23
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
Development Opportunities & Challenges
23
Metodologi (Ideal)
Identifikasi Resiko
Rencana Strategis Bandara
Rencana
encana
Guna Lahan
Plan
Bisnis
Marketing
Manajemen
Resiko
Rencana SDM
= Perencanaan dan
Pengembangan
= Administrasi
Rencana Pengembangan
dan Pelatihan
= Bisnis/ Keuangan
24
Metodologi (Ideal)
25
Three Stages of Aerotropolis Planning
26
Integrated Aerotropolis Planning
27
Jenis Kegiatan di Dalam
Aerocit
28
Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis
Example of Air and Surface Connectivity Benefitting Manufacturing, Repair, and Training
29
Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis
Synopsis of Logistics Clusters
30
Jenis Kegiatan di Aero City/Aerotropolis
Synopsis of Logistics Clusters
Perawatan
Jalur
aur
Kapal
Perawatan
Perawatan
Pesawat
esawa
Pelayanan Logistik
Transportasi
Darat
Gudang &
Penyimpanan
Penyediaan Instasi
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31
Â
Jabel Ali and Dubai Airport FZ
Authority
peras argo anara
UAE Customs
Agen pemerintah lainnya
Kegiatan Terkait Keberadaan Bandara
1.Core aeronautical activities
are part of the
technical operation of the airport, directly
suortintheairtrafficfunction.
1.Kegiatan inti
penerbangan.
2.A relation to air-freight or air-passenger
movements
, (e.g., logistics and distribution
2.Kegiatan terkait
dengan bandara
.
competitiveness and/or business revenues
are closely tied to the scale of air
-
dengan pergerakan
penumpang dan
. .
3.Airport-oriented activities
choose the airport
area because of the image of the airport and
3.Kegiatan berorientasi
bandara.
.
The price of land and surface connectivity,
rather than relation to air traffic, are key the
locating in the airport area.
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Rantai Keterkaitan Aktivitas Ekonomi
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33
Alternatif Pembiayaan
Denver International Airport
Public Sector
City and Country of
,
Brighton, Commerce City
Bennet, Adams County
State of Colorado
Land Owners
Quasi –Governmental
Metro Denver EDC,
DIA
.. uenwer , ,
Smith The Pauls Corp.
Prologis, Oakwood Homes
Majestic Realty Corp. et al
ommerce y , ams
County ED Front Range
Airport, E-470 Highway
Authority DRCOG, RTD, DTP
et al
End Users
Developers, Investors,
Tenants, Customers, et al
34
34
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
Development Opportunities & Challenges
34
Alternatif Pembiayaan
Denver’s Economic Clusters
35
35
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
Development Opportunities & Challenges
35
Airport City Denver & Economic Clusters
36
36
36
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
Development Opportunities & Challenges
Airport City Denver & Economic Clusters
37
37
37
Dasar-Dasar Penyusunan
Rencana Tata Ruan Aerocit
38
Konsep Struktur Ruang
Analogous in shape to the traditional metropolis made up of a central city core and
its rings of commuter-heavy suburbs, the aerotropolis consists of an airport-centred
commercial core (airport city) and outlying corridors and clusters of aviation-linked
businesses and associated residential development.
39
Konsep Pola Ruang
1.The Aerotropolisincorporates aviation-linked business and industrial clusters at and around airports and
along airport access corridors.
2.The aerotropolishas both spatial and functional forms. Its spatial form consists of aviation-oriented
businesses and their associated residential developments which cluster around airports and outward along
connecting transport corridors generating observable physical features. The functional form consists of a
more diffuse airport-integrated economic region whose businesses are as closely linked to distant suppliers,
custom ers and enterrise artners as the are to those in their own reion.
3.Corporate headquarter functions. The full-range of office services and business support staff of a traditional
corporate complex are available, including meeting rooms, computers and advanced telecom, secretarial and
tech assistance.
4.Retail mall concepts have been merged into passenger terminals. Airport property beyond the terminal is
being developed with hotel and entertainment facilities, conference and exhibition complexes, shopping
centers, office buildings, and logistics and free trade zones. Airports also frequently offer complementary
ses o aces or arpor an arne empoyees suc as ay care ceners an ea cncs, as we as
commercially serve residents in the local market area.
5.Cluster, rather than strip development, should be encouraged along airport transportation corridors with
. -
frequent air travelers should be designed to human scale, encouraging social interaction and sense of
neighborhood. In short, aerotropolisdevelopment and “smart growth” should go hand-in-hand.
40
Konsep Sistem Transportasi
1.Air cargo hub.
2.Multimodal air loistics hub.
3.Good surface transportation accessibility exists to the airport area.
.
by the inter city rail station underneath the complex.
5.Dedicatedairortexresswalinksaerolanesandhih-seedairort
Â
express trains (aerotrains) should efficiently connect airports to business
and residential clusters, near and far. Special truck-only lanes should be
ae o arpor expressways, as sou mprove nercanges o reuce
congestion.
41
41
Isu Pengembangan Pola Ruang
1.Isu Kebisingan
2.Isu Keamanan dan Keselamatan
a.Tall Structures (Bangunan Tinggi)
b.Visual Obstructions and Electronic Interference (Gangguan Pandangan dan Pengaruh
1)Debu
2)Silau
3)Pancaran Cahaya
4)Asap, Uap dan Kabut
c.Serangan Burung dan Satwa LiarÂ
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Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Perumahan
Jenis Guna Lahan Perumahan
Kerentanan
Kebisingan
Pusat
Aktivitas
Ketinggian
Struktur
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung
Rumah tunggal
terpisah)
Rumah susun (seperti dua atau lebih unit tempat tinggal dalam bangunan tunggal, apartemen seperti
kondominium,
elder, assisted living, townhouse
)
Kepadatan rendah (level 1-3)PKPTPKPKP
Kepadatan menengah (level 4-12)PPKPPKP
Kepadatan tinggi (level 13 atau lebih)PPPPKP
Kelompok tempat tinggal (assisted
living, kelompok fasilitas, bangunan
perawatan dan renovasi, kelompok
PPKPPKP
rumah tunggal)
Taman Perumahan PPTPKPP
P = Pengaruh
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.
43
43
Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering-
Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C
hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf
43
Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Perdagangan
Jenis GunaLahan Komersial
Kerentanan
Kebisingan
Pusat AktivitasKetinggian Struktur
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung
Aktivitas Komersil
Penyedia Makanan dan MinumanPPKPKPP
Pelayanan KendaraanTPKPTPKPKP
Perkantoran (bisnis, pemerintahan, spesialis, kesehatan, atau lembaga keuangan)
Kepadatan rendah (Level 2 -3)PKPTPKPKP
Kepadatan menengah (level 3 –12)PPKPKPKP
Kepadatan tinggi (level 12 lebih)PPPKPP
Retail (pedagangan, lease, atau rentalan)
Sales-orientedKPKPKPKPKP
PelayananPKPKPKPP
Peraan renovasPKPTPKPKP
Perhotelan (hotel, motel,
convention centre
, gedung
pertemuan, fasilitas pertunjukan)
PPKPKPKP
Kepadatan rendah (Level 2 -3)PPPPP
epaaan menenga eve –
Kepadatan tinggi (level 12 lebih)KPPKPKPKP
Gudang terbuka dan displayKPKPTPKPKP
Pelayanan umum (terminal bus, stasiun, dan taxi)KPPKPKPKP
, ,
P = Pengaruh
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.
44
44
Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering-
Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C
hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf
44
Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Industri
Guna Lahan
Kerentanan
Kebisingan
Pusat
Aktivitas
Ketinggian
Struktur
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar
dan Atraksi
Burung
Aktivitas Industri/ Manufaktur
Kawasan Pelayanan Industri (industry bubut, perbaikan
barang, pergudangan, dsb)
TPPKPKPKP
Kawasan Produksi dan Manufaktur (manufaktur, proses, pabrik, perakitan)
Manufaktur UmumTPPKPPKP
Manufaktur BeratTPKPPPP
Pengolahan dan PertambanganTPKPTPPP
peras enyea-maan rma pengumpuan,
penyimpanan, dan pembongkaran kendaraan, mesin –
mesin, peralatan, dan material bangunan)
Penyimpanan / Per-gudangan Industri (gudang kecil/ TPTPTPKPKP
fasilitas gudang)
Kargo (pusat distrbusi, pergud-angan/ kargo, dsb)TPKPKPKPKP
Pembuangan (pusat daur ulang, pembuangan sampah,
pusat transfer sampah, kompos, dsb)
TPTPKPPP
Grosiran (diskon, persewaan, atau rental barang untuk
industri, institusi, atau investasi)
TPTPTPKPKP
P = Pengaruh
45
45
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.
45
Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Institusi
Guna Lahan
Kerentanan
Kebisingan
Pusat
Aktivitas
Ketinggian
Struktur
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung
Aktivitas Institusi
Pelayanan Komunitas (publik, non profit, atau
lembaga sosial)
Pelayanan komunitas umum (perpustakaan, PPKPPP
museum, pusat transit, TOD)
Pelayanan komunitas khusus (persinggahan)PKPTPKPKP
Penitipan anak (perawatan anak, perawatan PPTPPP
,
Penahanan (penjara, pusat rehabilitasi)PPKPPP
Fasilitas Pendidikan (negeri dan swasta)
Fasilitas pendidikan umum (SD negeri dan swasta/ PPPPP
MI, SMP/MTS, dan SMA/MA serta asrama dan
pendidikan militer)
Fasilitas pendidikan khusus (perekonomian, bisnis, PPKPKPKP
,
Rumah sakit (rumah sakit, klinik)PPPPP
Perkumpulan agama (kris-tiani, Hindustani,
sinagog, muslim, masonik, dsb)
PPPPKP
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46
P = Pengaruh
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.
46
Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Prasarana dan Transportasi
Guna Lahan
Kerentanan
Kebisingan
Pusat
Aktivitas
Ketinggian
Struktur
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung
Aktivitas pelayanan infrastruktur
, ,
sanitasi dan gorong-gorong, menara air)
Fasilitas transmisi komunikasi (pemancar, TPTPPPKP
nirkabel, tower darurat, dan antenna)
Perparkiran (besmen, struktur parkir)TPKPPKPKP
Transportasi (jalan raya, jalan antar kota, jalan TPKPTPKPTP
,
Utilitas (pembangkit tenaga listrik, generator
angin, dan turbin)
TPTPPPTP
P = Pengaruh
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.
47
47
Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering-
Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C
hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf
47
Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Pertanian dan Ruang Terbuka
Guna Lahan
Kerentanan
Kebisingan
Pusat
Aktivitas
Ketinggian
Struktur
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar dan
Atraksi Burung
Aktivitas Pertanian dan Ruang Terbuka
Hubungan hewan dan tumbuhanTPTPKPTPP
Hubungan permukiman (gudang bahan
bakar/ fasilitas pemompaan, pembongkaran
PTPKPKPP
dan pengupasan, perdagangan hasil tani)
BanjirTPTPTPTPP
Sumber daya buatan (pertambangan dan
ekstraksi, kolam penam-pungan air, lahan
basah)
TPTPTPPP
Sumber daya alami (danau, kolam, padang
rumput, sungai, kali, lahan basah)
TPTPTPPP
Kawasan perlindungan hewanPKPTPPP
= engaru
KP = Kemungkinan Pengaruh
TP = Tidan Berpengaruh
Sumber : Mead & Hunt Ins.
48
48
Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering-
Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C
hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf
48
Dasar Pertimbangan Pengembangan Pola Ruang
Tabel Kesesuaian Guna Lahan Olahraga dan Rekreasi
Guna Lahan
Kerentanan
Kebisingan
Pusat Aktivitas
Ketinggian
Struktur
Gambaran
Halangan
Kehidupan Liar
dan Atraksi
Burung
Hiburan komersil (fasilitas latihan fisik, rekreasi, dan budaya)
Aktivitas di luar (perkemahan, fasilitas
tenis/berenang, bioskop terbuka, skatting,
PKPKPPKP
paviliun)
Aktivitas dalam ruangan (fitness, klub kesehatan,
bowling, skatting, billiard, taman bermain, teater
KPPKPPKP
Golf (lintasan golf, lapangan golf mini)PTPTPKPP
Utilitas (taman bermain, lintasan balap, arena
olah raga)
PPPPP
Taman (aquatic, fasilitas olah raga kawasan,
keber-tentanggaan, seko-lah, komunitas)
PKPPKPKP
KasinoTPPKPPP
49
49
Sumber : Airport City, http://ebooks.narotama.ac.id/files/Airport%20Engineering-
Planning,%20Design,%20and%20Development%20of%2021st%20Century%20Airports%20(4th%20Edition)/C
hapter%2016%20Airport%20City.pdf
49
Hal-Hal Yang Perlu Diwaspadai
Dalam Penembanan Aerocit
50
Hal-Hal Yang Harus Diwaspadai
2
1
The opportunities or constraints to
aerotropolis roll-out are determined by
natural ecological factors, surface
transortation infrastructure ownershi of
eroropos as o e more an a u
it and they will come� airport dream.
Success rests on market realities and
adequate air service.
land parcels, labor force characteristics,
and local governance structures.
51
51
51
Persoalan Terkait Pola Ruang
Lack of alignment between airport, city and regional planning;
--
Lack of coordination between different
levels of government and other stakeholders;
Blighted conditions where small-scale older uses have been disenfranchised from wider
improvement coalitions;
Competition, conflict and confusion between local authorities over development philosophies
and planning controls;
Equitable financing of infrastructure provision;
Traffic congestion at airports stimulated by airport-related commercial activity;
Uncertainty regarding optimal character of on-and near-airport commercial development; and
Resistance from ’high street‘ traders and local municipalities to expansion of retailing at
airports.
52
Sumber : The planning of airport regions and National Aviation Policy Issues and challenges in Australia 2008-2009,
Robert Freestone and Douglas Baker.
Diagram Konsep
Penembanan Aerocit
53
Runways: Regional Bones
54
Safety and Navigation Implications
55
The Noise Footprint
56
A Need for Services
57
Airport City Functions
58
A City Airport Becomes an Airport City
59
Perumusan
Konse Penembanan
60
Development Principles
Pittsburgh International Airport
1.Develop a multi-jurisdictional strategy
2.Plan primarily for airport related uses
3.Develop airport compatible uses
4.Concentrate development
5.Preserve natural areas
6.Develop sustainably
7.Provide connectivity
8.Encourage mixed-use development
.
10.Make places, not sprawl.
61
Conceptual Development Program
Pittsburgh International Airport
Flex and distribution
Bonded warehouses
Aerotropolis support services and
uses
Freight forwarders
Free trade zone assembly and
shipping
entertainment
conference centers
retail and food
Just-in-time electronics repairs
Just-in-time manufacturing
mixed income housing
Headquarters
International
information technology
robotics
bio-medical
National
Regional
E-Fulfillment centers
Energy
Satellite university campuses
Destination entertainment
R & D parks
62
Proposed Business Environment
Piedmont Triad Aerotropolis
63
Rincian Jenis Kegiatan
Di DalamAerocit
64
Basic Design Principles for an Aerotropolis
1.Improving transportation capacity whether by highway or rail. There are those who
believe that limiting capacity limits travel. That may be true but the congestion
caused by limited capacity causes more emissions than adequate capacity.
2.Minimizing the needed ground movement. With the increase in especially business
,
equation.
3.Per movement aircraft emissions and noise are generally decreasing but planning
air routes and land use in combination can still reduce exposure.
65
Proses Perkembangan Aerocity
1.Pengembangan kawasan komersial yang pesat di dan di sekitar gerbang bandara menjadikan kegiatan
tersebut sebagai generator pertumbuhan perkotaan dan menjadikan bandara sebagai :
a.usat laanan ekeraan an entin
b.kawasan perbelanjaan,
c.perdagangan, serta
d.destinasi bisnis,
serta bandara membangun sebuah “
brand image
” tersendiri untuk menarik kegiatan bisnis yang tidak
berkaitan dengan kebandarudaraan.
2.Sifat alami dari pasar lokal dalam kegiatan industri dan komersial memiliki peran penting dalam
keberlangsungan kota bandara dan kegiatan di dalamnya.
3.Area di sekitar bandara juga dapat menarik kegiatan bisnis, pekerja-pekerja profesional dan penduduk yang
lebih banyak dibanding dengan área lain, pembangunan kegiatan komersial di dalam kawasan bandara
merefleksikan kebutuhan dari pekerjaan, pekerja dan penduduk terhadap pelayanan yang disediakan oleh
bisnis yang berbasis bandara. pelayanan-pelayanan tersebut meliputi pelayanan perumahan, rekreasi,
kuliner, perdagangan, kesehatan, penitipan anak dan dokter hewan.
66
Proses Perkembangan Aerocity
4.Kebutuhan–kebutuhan untuk kegiatan bisnis yang berbasis pada bandara saat ini disediakan di dalam
kawasan campuran (
mixed use
) yang luas di dalam área bandara, sebagai sentra pembangunan
metroolitan. Pereseran ini membuat embanunan kota bandara sebaai model erencanaan kreartif dan
atribut-atribut managemen yang berbeda.
a.Perkantoran dan Kegiatan Bisnis, meliputi Kawasan Bisnis
b.Logistik dan Distribusi, meliputi
Freight Forwarding, 3 PL’s, Flow-thru
c.Produksi Barang, meliputi Kawasan Industri.
67
Jenis Kegiatan di Dalam Aerocity
Aerotropolis menjadi generator utama pengembangan kawasan karena merupakan
kawasan cepat tumbuh berbasis bandara atau sering disebut airport-centric
commercial development. Kawasan ini menciptakan secara mandiri :
1.significant employment,
.soppng,
3.trading,
. ,
5.entertainment, and
6.leisuredestinations
sehingga menjadi kota handal dan menjadi daya tarik global (melalui airplane network)
dan lokal (melalui multimodal lokal).
68
Daftar Kegiatan Komersial Kota Bandara
1.Pertokoan
2.Restoran
3.Kegiatan entertainmen dan kebudayaan
4.Hotel dan akomodasinya
.
6.Gedung Perkantoran
7.Convention and exhibition centers
8.Hiburan, rekreasi dan pusat kebugaran
9.Logistik dan distribusi
.
11.Katering dan kuliner
12.Perdagangan bebas dan sejenisnya
13.Lapangan golf
14.Factory outlets
.eayanan euarga, seper n eseaan an penpan ana
69
Skema Tipe Kegiatan Kota Bandara
1.Kegiatan di dalam kota bandara :
a.Pelayanan konsumen.
b.Kawasan perdagangan, meliputi pertokoan.
c.Real estate, meliputi perkantoran, hotel dan bongkar muat.
. , , , .
e.Infrastruktur terminal, meliputi terminal.
f.Infrastruktur dasar, meliputi jalan raya.
2.Kegiatan di luar kota bandara :
a.Hotel dan penginapan.
b.Kegiatan pertemuan, meliputi eksibisi dan konferensi.
c.Kegiatan perdagangan, meliputi pusat perbelanjaan.
70
Penerjemahan “
Penggerak
” Menjadi “
Kegiatan
”
71
Pembiayaan
Aerocit
72
Alternatif Pembiayaan
Tahapan Pengembangan Berdasarkan Sumber Pembiayaan
He advises them on how to achieve the “Airport City’s Triple Bottom Line.”
The
first
point is that major airports now receive more of their revenue from
nonaeronautical sources than from aeronautical sources.
Secondly
, rapid commercial development at and around major airports transforms
employment, shopping, and business destinations in their own right.
The airport area
finally
develops a “brand image” attracting even non-airport linked
businesses.
Thus, Kasarda is advocating for nothing less than creating whole new airport-themed
uran zones wtn regons.
Sumber : Aerotropoli, The Logic of Globalization and the Rise of Dr. John Kasarda, By John Patrick Good Globalization Spaces
Final Research Paper December 18, 2007
73
Sumber Pembiayaan
For those communities whose Airport has taken a lead role in the creation of an Aerotropolis, those efforts are also primarily, if not
Airport-lead, Airport-funded.
entirely, funded by that Airport. In these communities, the very active marine port authorities in those communities compliment the
economic development efforts coordinated by their airports.
.
These Aerotropolis communities have benefitted from vast tracts of available, developable land and the participation of a fewreal
estate developers. These developers have privately financed. large scale communities, business parks, industrial facilities, and
logistics parks where there once was desert or farmland.
Combination of Public and Private sector financial contributions.
n ose communes were prvae secor nvovemen s srong an avaae an s a a premum, companes an uns o
government have made financial contributions to the Aerotropolis organization operating in that community.
For a number of Aerotropolis communities, the ability to offer tax incentives or the award of grant money has been given by the
State or Federal Government.
74
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN CAPITAL
CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate Development
Opportunities & Challenges
AlternatifPembiayaan
Non-Airline Revenue Target
75
75
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
Development Opportunities & Challenges
Alternatif Pembiayaan
Hierarchy of Airport Participation
76
76
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
Development Opportunities & Challenges
76
Implementation & Governance
77
77
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
Development Opportunities & Challenges
77
Airport Management/Development Models
78
78
Sumber : 2013 AIRPORT ECONOMICS & HUMAN
CAPITAL CONFERENCE, Airport City Real Estate
Development Opportunities & Challenges
78
Penyusun
Nama:Ir. Fitri Indra Wardhono
Pendidikan:Sarjana Teknik Strata Pertama Bidang Teknik
Email:
[email protected]
Blog:fitriwardhono.wordpress.com
