DR. RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW (U.P.) Session- 2015-2016 Subject: Psychology-2
Final Project On
“Insanity Defense in Indian legal Prospective”
SUBMITTED T
SUBMITTED B!
Ms. Isha Yadav
Shobhit Shobhi t S !asthi !asthi
"ssist#nt "ssist#nt P$o%esso$ &Psychology'
(oll no- 1)0 Sec- B
D$ (M*+*U *uc,no *uc,n o U.P.
2n/ se. B"**B.&hons'
Sign#tu$e
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I e3$ess y g$#titu/e #n/ /ee3 $eg#$/s to y te#che$ %o$ the subject Ms Isha Yadav Ma"a# %o$ gi4ing e such # ch#llenging to3ic #n/ #lso %o$ he$ ee3l#$y gui/#nce onito$ing #n/ const#nt encou$#geent th$oughout the cou$se o% this P$oject. I #lso t#,e this o33o$tunity to e3$ess # /ee3 sense o% g$#titu/e to y senio$s in the college %o$ thei$ co$/i#l su33o$t 4#lu#ble in%o$#tion #n/ gui/#nce hich hel3e/ e in co3leting this t#s, th$ough 4#$ious st#ges. I # oblige/ to the st#%% ebe$s o% the M#/hu *i#ye *ib$#$y %o$ the tiely #n/ 4#lu#ble in%o$#tion 3$o4i/e/ by the in thei$ $es3ecti4e %iel/s. I # g$#te%ul %o$ thei$ coo3e$#tion /u$ing the 3e$io/ o% y #ssignent. *#stly I th#n, #lighty y %#ily #n/ %$ien/s %o$ thei$ const#nt encou$#geent ithout hich this #ssignent oul/ not h#4e been 3ossible. $S%O&%I' SI()S% *S'%I+
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I(D),-
Int$o/uction..) De%ence o% unsoun/ in/) 7oon /iso$/e$s %oun/ in 3$ison in#tes5 Mc8+#gthen $ule..6 Unsoun/ness o% in/..9 *eg#l #n/ Me/ic#l ins#nity /istinguishe/9 in/s o% ins#nity..; Position in othe$ count$ies. ...11 7#se l#s & In In/i#n leg#l 3$os3ecti4e.'..12 7onclusion #n/ suggestions...1< Bibliog$#3hy..19
I('OD/0'IO(
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It is $e%e$$e/ to #s lun#cy o$ unsoun/ in/ ent#l #bno$#lity /ise#se o% in/ etc. #n ins#ne 3e$son c#nnot thin, #n/ #ct #s # no$#l hu#n being. =is c#3#city to ,no things is 3e$4e$te/. It is c#lle/ non co#pose #entis. &3ossesse/ o% # soun/ in/.' I% ins#nity is to be $eg#$/e/ #s iunity %i$st o% #ll it ust be cle#$ly e3l#ine/ #s to h#t it is. The$e being no st#n/#$/ o% ins#nity it becoes /i%%icult to /e%ine ins#nity le#/ing to the #bsence o% ens $e#. D)F)(0) OF /(SO/(D MI(D
7$ie is # 4olunt#$ily #ct hich is #n outcoe o% #n intent to c#use #n e4il conse>uence The$e #$e ce$t#in essenti#ls o% c$ie. The #cto$ ust 3ossess the %olloing con/itions &1' %$ee ill. &2' intelligence to /istinguish beteen goo/ #n/ e4il. &)' ,nole/ge o% %#cts u3on hich the goo/ #n/ e4il o% #n #ct #y /e3en/. &?' ,nole/ge th#t the #ct is 3$ohibite/ b y l#.Section 9? In/i#n Pen#l 7o/e. "ct o% # 3e$son o% unsoun/ in/. +othing is #n o%%ence hich is /one by # 3e$son ho #t the tie o% /oing it by $e#son o% unsoun/ness o% in/ is inc#3#ble o% ,noing the n#tu$e o% the #ct o$ th#t he is /oing h#t is eithe$ $ong o$ cont$#$y to l#. The %un/#ent#l 3$inci3le is th#t ens $e# &guilty in/' is #n essenti#l eleent in e4e$y o%%ence #n/ no c$ie c#n be s#i/ to h#4e been coitte/ i% the in/ o% the 3e$son /oing the #ct is not guilty. So # 3e$son inc#3#ble o% ente$t#ining such intent c#nnot incu$ leg#l guilt. In o$/e$ to get the bene%it o% the 3$o4isions o% Section 12 th$ee eleents #$e necess#$y #ny one o% hich ust h#4e to be est#blishe/ by the #ccuse/ 4i@. th#t the #ccuse/ bec#use o% unsoun/ness o% in/ #s inc#3#ble o% ,noing the n#tu$e o% the #ct o$ secon/ly the #ct #s cont$#$y to l# o$ thi$/ly the #ct #s $ong. Ahe$e # #n is tot#lly /e3$i4e/ o% his un/e$st#n/ing #n/ eo$y #n/ /oes not ,no h#t he is /oing he ill 3$o3e$ly be ee3te/ %$o the 3unishent o% the l#.
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nalogo3s 4a!
7h#3te$ C §ions )29-));' o% the 7o/e o% 7$iin#l P$oce/u$e 1;<) /e#ls ith 3$oce/u$e to be %olloe/ he$e the #ccuse/ is # lun#tic o$ o% unsoun/ in/. 0o##on disorders fo3nd in prison in#ates
Schi@o3h$eni# Delusions h#llucin#tions 3#$#noi/ beh#4io$ #ng$y outbu$st l#c, o% e otion Bi3ol#$ Diso$/e$s Eotion#l highs &#ni#' c$i33ling los &/e3$ession' i3ulsi4e beh#4iou$ se4e$e 3sychosis e3iso/es th#t c#use /elusions #n/ h#llucin#tions De3$ession eeling /on suici/#l thoughts loss o% inte$est in e4e$y/#y #cti4ities %eelings o% i3en/ing /oo. It h#s been the 3olicy o% the l# to gi4e iunity %$o c$iin#l $es3onsibility to ins#ne 3e$sons #s thei$ #ctions #$e not go4e$ne/ b y thei$ ill. It is only ins#nity o% # 3#$ticul#$ ,in/ th#t gi4es ee3tion %$o $es3onsibility thus # #n ho becoes ins#ne #% te$ coitting # c$ie c#nnot be t$ie/ until his in/ becoes soun/ #n/ siil#$ly #n ins#ne 3e$son c#nnot be h#nge/. 7$iin#l l# /i4i/es ins#ne 3e$sons into to cl#sses: #' those o4e$ ho the th$e#ts #n/ 3$ohibitions o% c$iin#l l# oul/ 3$o4e %utile #n/ b' those hose %o$ o% ins#nity is only such th#t Fthey oul/ not h#4e yiel/e/ to thei$ ins#nity i% # 3olice#n h#/ been #t thei$ elbos8. The$e #$e 4#$ious tests to /ete$ine i% # 3e$son8s ins#nity c#n be use/ #s # /e%ence. E#3les #$e the Ail/ Be#st test the Goo/ #n/ E4il test the Delusion test (ight #n/ A$ong test. The ost %#ous test is the M#c+#ughten test #/e %#ous in the c#se one M#c+#ughten ho ,ille/ M$. D$uon/ the 3$i4#te sec$et#$y o% Si$ Peel in ist#,e o% th#t st#tes#n in 19?).The 7ou$t hel/ hi not guilty on g$oun/ o% ins#nity. n #ccount o% se4e$e 3ublic /iss#tis%#ction the *o$/s subitte/ ce$t#in >uestions $es3ecting the ins#ne 3e$son.
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The In/i#n l# is subst#nti#lly the s#e #s th#t l#i/ /on by M#c+#ughten8s $ules. The #/4#nt#ge o% using the o$/s Funsoun/ness o% in/8 is th#t it co4e$s ent#l /e%ects o% #ll ,in/s ,non to e/ic#l sciences #n/ /oes not $e>ui$e the necessity o% /e%ining ins#nity. Mc5(aghten 3le
In 19?) the l# o% ins#nity #s o$e 3$o3e$ly %o$ul#te/ by the house o% lo$/s in the histo$ic c#se o% v. Mc5(aghten. P$inci3les *#i/ Don In McHn#ghten 7#se: 1. E4e$y 3e$son is 3$esue/ to be s#ne until the cont$#$y is est#blishe/. 2. To est#blish the /e%ence o% ins#nity it ust be cle#$ly 3$o4e/ th#t #t the tie o% coitting the c$ie the 3e$son #s so ins#ne #s not to ,no the n#tu$e #n/ >u#lity o% the #ct he #s /oing o$ i% he /i/ ,no it he /i/ not ,no th#t h#t he #s /oing #s $ong. ). The test o% $ong%ulness % the #ct is in the 3oe$ to /istinguish beteen $ight #n/ $ong not in the #bst$#ct o$ in gene$#l but in $eg#$/ to the 3#$ticul#$ #ct coitte/. The English l# on ins#nity is b#se/ on the McH+#ghten $ules #n/ the In/i#n *# th#t is co/i%ie/ in the In/i#n Pen#l 7o/e 1960 s. 9? is #lso b#se/ on the McH+#ghten $ules. These 3$inci3les h#4e been inco$3o$#te/ in the 3en#l co/es o% #lost #ll the count$ies in the o$l/. Ins#nity Un/e$ I3c "n/ 7$ Pc. Ins#nity Un/e$ In/i#n Pen#l 7o/e: The /e%ence o% ins#nity is /iscusse/ in sec 9? o% the In/i#n 3en#l co/e hich $e#/s: "ct o% # 3e$son o% unsoun/ in/- +othing is #n o%%ence hich is /one by # 3e$son ho #t the tie o% /oing it by $e#son o% unsoun/ness o% in/ is inc#3#ble o% /oing the #ct o$ th#t he is /oing h#t is eithe$ $ong o$ cont$#$y in l#.J
P$inci3les o$ The "33lic#tion % This Section:
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The %olloing 3$inci3les #$e to be ,e3t in in/ in #33lying this section: 1. E4e$y ty3e o% ins#nity is not leg#l ins#nity the cogniti4e %#culty ust be /est$oye/ #s to $en/e$ one inc#3#ble o% ,noing the n#tu$e o% his #ct o$ th#t h#t he is /oing is $ong o$ cont$#$y to l# 2. The cou$t sh#ll 3$esue the #bsence o% such ins#nity ). The bu$/en o% 3$oo% o% leg#l ins#nity is on the #ccuse/ though it is not #s he#4y #s the 3$osecution ?. The cou$t ust consi/e$ hethe$ the #ccuse/ su%%e$e/ %$o leg#l ins#nity #t the tie hen the o%%ence #s coitte/ 5. In $e#ching such # conclusion the ci$cust#nces hich 3$ece/e/ #tten/e/ o$ %olloe/ the c$ie #$e $ele4#nt consi/e$#tion #n/ 6. The 3$osecution in /isch#$ging its bu$/en o% the 3le# o% leg#l ins#nity h#s e$ely to 3$o4e the b#sic %#ct #n/ $ely u3on the no$#l 3$esu3tion o% the l# th#t e4e$yone ,nos the l# #n/ the n#tu$#l conse>uences o% his #ct. Essenti#l Ing$e/ients % The Section Ing$e/ients o% Section-9?:
"ct ust be /one by # 3e$son o% unsoun/ in/.
Such # 3e$son ust be inc#3#ble o%:-
#. noing the n#tu$e o% the #ct. b. The #ct #s cont$#$y to l#. c. Th#t the #ct #s $ong. The inc#3#city o% the 3e$son ust h#4e eiste/ #t the tie o% coission o% the #ct. /nso3ndness Of Mind-
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The te$ unsoun/ness o% in/ h#s not been /e%ine/ in the co/e. But it h#s been e>u#te/ by the cou$ts to e#n ins#nity. This section only /e#ls ith inc#3#city o% in/ hich is # $esult o% Kunsoun/ness o% in/H o$ Kins#nityH. It is not e4e$y ty3e o% ins#nity hich is $ecogni@e/ e/ic#lly th#t is gi4en the 3$otection o% this section. Me/ic#l ins#nity is /i%%e$ent %$o leg#l ins#nity. The ins#nity shoul/ be o% such # n#tu$e th#t it /est$oys the cogniti4e %#culty o% the in/ to such #n etent th#t he is inc#3#ble o% ,noing the n#tu$e o% his #ct o$ h#t he is /oing is $ong o$ cont$#$y to l#. This section ill #33ly e4en in c#ses o% %its o% ins#nity #n/ luci/ inte$4#ls. But it ust be 3$o4e/ in such c#ses th#t #t the tie o% coission o% the o%%ence the #ccuse/ #s su$%ing %$o # %it o% ins#nity hich $en/e$e/ hi inc#3#ble o% ,noing the n#tu$e o% his #ct. 4egal nd Medical Insanity Disting3ished-
It is in the c#se o% e4e$y 3e$son 3$onounce/ to be ins#ne #cco$/ing to e/ic#l science to be ecuse/L +o ins#nity %o$ the 3u$3ose o% c$iin#l l# /i%%e$s %$o th#t in the e/ic#l sense. "cco$/ing to e/ic#l e3e$ts e4e$y c#se o% ent#l #bno$#lity is ins#nity. "cco$/ing to l# not #ll 3e$sons ho #$e e/ic#lly ins#ne #$e leg#lly ins#ne bec#use #ongst those ho #$e e/ic#lly ins#ne soe #$e #ble to cont$ol soe ties #n/ beh#4e li,e no$#l 3eo3le. =e #s # no$#l #n 3l#ns the c$ie they soeties c#n 3l#n bette$ #n/ e4en eecute it e4en ith o$e c#$e. =e ,nos h#t he is /oing is $ong. Ae ju/ge # #nHs $es3onsibility ith $eg#$/s to his ens $e#. nly those c#ses he$e bec#use o% ins#nity he /oes not ,no h#t he is /oing o$ he /oes not ,no h#t he is /oing is # $ong only they c#n be ecuse/. So #ongst #ll the e/ic#lly ins#ne 3e$sons only # %e #$e leg#lly ins#ne. The l# 3$o3oun/s # /i%%e$ent test %$o th#t in the e/ic#l %iel/. The test in l# is si3ly hethe$ bec#use o% his ins#nity he is inc#3#ble o% 3ossessing ens $e#. It is only he$e the ins#nity /est$oys the cogniti4e %#culty o% in/ it is consi/e$e/ #s ins#nity in l#. The %#culty o% $e#soning #n/ ju/geent is #lso consi/e$e/. "n ins#ne 3e$son is not 3unishe/ bec#use he /oes not h#4e #ny guilty in/ to coit the c$ie.
6inds Of Insanity-
The$e #$e no h#$/ #n/ %#st $ules in $es3ect o% h#t #$e the ,in/s o% ins#nity hich #$e $ecogni@e/ by cou$ts #s Kleg#l ins#nity. " su$4ey o% the c#se l# $e4e#ls th#t the cou$ts #$e in%luence/ o$e by the %#cts o% the c#se #n/ the n#tu$e o% c$ie $#the$ th#n #ny %o$#l e4i/ence #s to the ,in/ o% ins#nity th#t the #ccuse/ is su%%e$ing %$o. *# g$ou3Hs ins#nity into to b$o#/ he#/s n#ely 1' Deenti# n#tu$#lis- in/i4i/u#ls th#t #$e ins#ne %$o bi$thJ. #n/ 2' Deenti# #/4entiti# o$ #cci/enti#lis- #n in/i4i/u#l ho becoes ins#ne #%te$ bi$thJ.
1'. %all3cination Or Del3sion=#llucin#tion o$ /elusion is # st#te o% in/ he$e # 3e$son #y be 3e$%ectly s#ne in $es3ect o% e4e$ything but #y be un/e$ # /elusion in $es3ect o% one 3#$ticul#$ i/e#. The Bob#y #n/ the #/$#s high cou$ts h#4e hel/ th#t %o$ # 3e$son ho is not ins#ne but is su%%e$ing %$o h#llucin#tion this section c#nnot be in4o,e/.
2'. So#na#b3lis#Son#bulis is the unconscious st#te ,non #s slee3 #l,ing #n/ i% 3$o4e/ ill constitute unsoun/ness o% in/ #n/ the #ccuse/ ill get the bene%it un/e$ this section.
)'. Irresistible I#p3lse7 Mental gitation7 nnoyance nd F3ryI$$esistible i3ulse ent#l #git#tion #nnoy#nce #n/ %u$y #ll e$ely in/ic#te loss o% cont$ol #n/ not in/ic#ti4e o% soun/ness o% in/. E4e$y ino$ ent#l #be$$#tion is not ins#nity #n/ the ci$cust#nces in/ic#ting # e$e 3$ob#bility o% leg#l ins#nity c#nnot hoe4e$ be su%%icient to /isch#$ge the onus o% the #ccuse/ to est#blish the 3le# o% ins#nity. =e$e the 4icti #ctu#lly becoes # tool in the h#n/s o% the /ise#se. This is c#lle/ cogniti4e ins#nity.
?'. Insanity s es3lt Of S#o8ing 9anja:!eed; Or %eavy Intou#te oti4e to coit such # se$ious o%%ence li,e u$/e$ is not by itsel% # 3$oo% o% ins#nity. But the #bsence o% # oti4e #y be t#,en into consi/e$#tion #long ith othe$ ci$cust#nces o% # c#se to /ete$ine the >uestion o% s#nity o$ othe$ise o% the #ccuse/. The %#ct th#t the #ccuse/ c#use/ the /e#th o% # 3e$son o4e$ # t$i%ling #tte$ ill not by itsel% #$$#nt # conclusion th#t he #s ins#ne hen no 3le# o% ins#nity #s t#,en be%o$e the t$i#l cou$t no$ #s n#y #te$i#l 3$o/uce/ to est#blish the g$oun/ o% ins#nity. 5'. )ui$e it begins to $eco$/ e4i/ence. It s#ys th#t hen # #gist$#te hile con/ucting #n in>ui$y %eels th#t the 3e$son is o% unsoun/ in/ #n/ conse>uently inc#3#ble o% #,ing his /e%ence he #y #s, # e/ic#l o%%ice$ to e#ine the 3e$son #n/ 3ost3one the t$i#l o% the c#se.
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Position In Other 0o3ntries
1'. Ins#nity Un/e$ "e$ic#n *#: In $eg#$/s to /e%ence o% ins#nity in the Unite/ St#tes o% "e$ic# Un/e$hillHs 7$iin#l E4i/ence h#s the %olloing to s#y: Ins#nity is e4e$yhe$e # /e%ence to # ch#$ge o% c$ie %o$ ithout # soun/ in/ the$e c#n be no c$iin#l intent. The eistence ch#$#cte$ #n/ etent o% ins#nity #$e o$/in#$ily >uestions o% the %#ct %o$ the ju$y #n/ # /e%en/#nt ho h#s o%%e$e/ 3$oo% o% his ins#nity is entitle/ to #n inst$uction th#t he #y be %oun/ not guilty by $e#son o% ins#nity. The #utho$ities #$e not #g$ee/ on the leg#l test %o$ /ete$ining ins#nity. Most o% the st#tes h#4e #/o3te/ the $ight #n/ $ong test #s set %o$th by the =ouse o% *o$/s in the le#/ing c#se o% Mc+#ughten in 19?).
2'. Ins#nity Un/e$ The English *#: The English l# is #lso b#se/ on the McH+#chten $ule. The English l# on ins#nity is thus: he$e it c#n be shon th#t # 3e$son #t the tie o% his coitting o$ oitting #n #ct the coission o$ oission o% hich oul/ othe$ise be c$iin#l #s l#bou$ing un/e$ such # /e%ect o% $e#son %$o the /ise#se o% the in/ #s not to ,no the n#tu$e #n/ >u#lity o% the #ct o$ oission o$ #s not to ,no th#t h#t he #s /oing #s $ong then such # 3e$son is not in l# $es3onsible %o$ his #ct. )'. Ins#nity Un/e$ Siss *#: Section. 10 o% the Siss Pen#l 7o/e st#tes th#t K#ny 3e$son su%%e$ing %$o # ent#l /ise#se i/iocy o$ se$ious i3#i$ent o% his ent#l %#culties ho #t the tie o% coitting the #ct is inc#3#ble o% #33$eci#ting the unl#%ul n#tu$e o% his #ct o$ #cting in #cco$/#nce ith the #33$eci#tion #y not be 3unishe/H.
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?'. Ins#nity Un/e$ The *# % $#nce: Pen#l 7o/e o% $#nce #$t. 6? 3$o4i/es th#t Kthe$e is no c$ie o$ o%%ence hen the #ccuse/ #s in st#te o% #/ness #t the tie o% the #ct o$ in the e4ent o% his h#4ing been co3elle/ by # %o$ce hich he #s not #ble to $esistH. 0ase 4a!s : In Indian 4egal Prospective;. State Of MP =. ha#d3llah
Subject: The bu$/en o% 3$oo% th#t the ent#l con/ition o% the #ccuse/ #s #t the c$uci#l 3oint o% tie such #s is /esc$ibe/ by sec 9? IP co/e lies on the #ccuse/ ho cl#is the bene%it o% this ee3tion. #cts: In this c#se the #ccuse/ h#/ u$/e$e/ his othe$ in l# to ho he bo$e ill-ill in connection ith his /i4o$ce.It #s 3$o4e/ th#t he /i/ the #ct #t night h#4ing got into the house by sc#ling o4e$ # #ll ith the #i/ o% # to$ch light #n/ ente$e/ the $oo he$e the /ece#se/ #s slee3ing. "ll this shoe/ th#t the c$ie #s coitte/ not in # su//en oo/ o% ins#nity but one th#t #s 3$ece/e/ by c#$e%ul 3l#nning #n/ ehibiting cool c#lcul#tion in eecution #n/ /i$ecte/ #g#inst # 3e$son ho #s consi/e$e/ to be his eney. Then #g#in the$e #s # oo/ o% eult#tion hich the #ccuse/ ehibite/ #%te$ he h#/ 3ut out he$ li%e. u/geent: In these ci$cust#nces the Su3$ee 7ou$t $ejecting his 3le# o% ins#nity con4icte/ the #ccuse/ o% the o%%ence o% u$/e$ &setting #si/e the #c>uitt#ls o% both the session cou$t #n/ the high cou$t' #n/ sentence/ hi to $igo$ous i3$isonent %o$ li%e. yyangar > said th3s-
In the no$#l c#se the 3$o3e$ 3unishent %o$ the heinous #n/ 3$ee/it#te/ c$ie coitte/ ith hu#n b$ut#lity oul/ h#4e been # sentence o% /e#th. But t#,ing into the #ccount the %#ct th#t the #ccuse/ h#s been #c>uitte/ by the sessionHs ju/ge #n o$/e$ hich h#s been #%%i$e/ by the high cou$t e consi/e$ th#t the en/s o% justice oul/ be et i% e sentence the #ccuse/ to $igo$ous i3$isonent %o$ li%e.
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Dayabhai 0hhaganbhai 'ha88ar =. State Of 93jarat
In this c#se the #ccuse/ #s ch#$ge/ #n/ con4icte/ un/e$ the IP7 s. )02 %o$ the u$/e$ o% his i%e. The #ccuse/ ,ille/ his i%e ith i%e by in%licting he$ ith ?? ,ni%e inju$ies on he$ bo/y. The #ccuse/ $#ise/ the 3le# o% ins#nity #t the t$i#l cou$t. T$i#l cou$t hoe4e$ $ejecte/ the contention on the g$oun/ th#t the st#teents #/e to the 3olice ie/i#tely #%te$ the inci/ent /i/ not shoe/ #ny sign o% ins#nity. This con4iction #s con%i$e/ by the high cou$t. The #ccuse/ #/e #n #33e#l to the Su3$ee 7ou$t. The Su3$ee 7ou$t #lso u3hel/ the con4iction o% the #ccuse/ #n/ l#i/ /on ce$t#in c$ite$i# #cco$/ing to hich #n #ccuse/ in entitle/ to the /e%ence un/e$ the 3$o4ision. It s#i/ th#t in /ete$ining hethe$ the #ccuse/ h#s est#blishe/ his c#se un/e$ the 3u$4ie o% In/i#n Pen#l 7o/e 1960 s. 9? Kthe cou$t h#s to consi/e$ the ci$cust#nces hich 3$ece/e/ #tten/e/ #n/ %olloe/ the c$ie. The c$uci#l 3oint o% tie %o$ /ete$ining the st#te o% in/ o% the #ccuse/ is the tie hen the o%%ence #s coitte/. The $ele4#nt %#cts #$e oti4e %o$ the c$ie the 3$e4ious histo$y #s to ent#l con/ition o% the #ccuse/ the st#te o% his in/ #t the tie o% the o%%ence #n/ the e4ents ie/i#tely #%te$ the inci/ent th#t th$o # light on the st#te o% his in/H. atanlal =. State Of MP
The #33ell#nt on 22 #nu#$y 1;65 set %i$e to the g$#ss lying in the ,h#ly#n o% +eich#n/. n being #s,e/ hy he /i/ it the #ccuse/ s#i/ KI bu$nt it /o h#te4e$ you #ntH. The #ccuse/ #s #$$este/ on 2) #nu#$y 1;65. =e #s $e%e$$e/ to # ent#l hos3it#l. The 3sychi#t$ist o% the hos3it#l $e3o$te/ th#t the #ccuse/ $e#ine/ silent #s # c#se o% #ni#c /e3$essi4e 3sychosis #n/ nee/s t$e#tent. The $e3o$t /ecl#$e/ the #ccuse/ to be # lun#tic in te$s o% the In/i#n *un#tic "ct 1;12The issue be%o$e the cou$ts #s hethe$ ins#nity ight be use/ #s /e%ence #g#inst # ch#$ge o% ischie% by %i$e ith intent to c#use /##ge un/e$ the IP7 s. ?)5. The c$uci#l 3oint in this c#se #s hethe$ unsoun/ in/ #y be est#blishe/ #t the tie o% coission o% the #ct. The Su3$ee 7ou$t hel/ th#t the 3e$son #s ins#ne #n/ #c>uitte/ hi.
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%a?ara Singh =. State
In this c#se =#@#$# Singh #s un/e$ # /elusion th#t his i%e #s un%#ith%ul to hi. ne /#y being /istu$be/ by those thoughts he c#use/ he$ /e#th by 3ou$ing nit$ic #ci/ o4e$ he$. Me/ic#l e4i/ence shoe/ th#t he ,ne h#t he #s /oing #n/ h#/ the o$/in#$y ,nole/ge o% $ight #n/ $ong. =e #s con4icte/ %o$ u$/e$. &hi8ari =. State Of /ttar Pradesh
It is not %o$ the 3$osecution to est#blish th#t # 3e$son ho st$i,es #nothe$ ith # /e#/ly e#3on #s inc#3#ble o% ,noing the n#tu$e o% the #ct o$ o% ,noing th#t h#t he #s /oing #s eithe$ $ong o$ cont$#$y to l#. E4e$y one is 3$esue/ to ,no the conse>uences o% his #ct. Siil#$ly e4e$yone is #lso 3$esue/ to ,no the l#. These #$e not %#cts th#t the 3$osecution h#s to est#blish. It is %o$ this $e#son th#t sec 105 o% The E4i/ence "ct 3l#ces u3on the #ccuse/ 3e$son the bu$/en o% 3$o4ing the ece3tion u3on hich he $elies. Un/oubte/ly it is %o$ the 3$osecution to 3$o4e beyon/ the $e#son#ble /oubt th#t the #ccuse/ h#/ coitte/ the o%%ence ith the $e>uisite ens $e#. nce th#t is /one # 3$esu3tion th#t the #ccuse/ #s s#ne hen he coitte/ the o%%ence oul/ #$ise. This 3$esu3tion is $ebutt#ble #n/ he c#n $ebut it eithe$ by le#/ing e4i/ence #//uce/ in the c#se hethe$ by 3$osecution o$ by the #ccuse/ #n/ hen the $e#son#ble /oubt is c$e#te/ in the in/ o% the cou$t #s $eg#$/s one o$ o$e o% the ing$e/ients o% the o%%ence inclu/ing ens $e# o% the #ccuse/ he oul/ be entitle/ to be #c>uitte/. In the 3$esent c#se the$e is e4i/ence th#t u3 to the tie o% occu$$ence he ccuse/' h#s been /oing ith his culti4#tion. The$e is no e4i/ence on $eco$/ to 3$o4e the ch#$#cte$istic o% his h#bit %$o hich it coul/ be conclu/e/ th#t he #s #cting li,e #n ins#ne #n. Be%o$e the coission o% the c$ie he /i/ not be#t #ny 3e$son. n the othe$ h#n/ %e onths be%o$e occu$$ence the #ccuse/ #/itte/ly 3ic,e/ u3 >u#$$el ith #ng#li #n/ Bh#iy# *#l #n/ h#/ gi4en th$e#ts to #,e thei$ %#ily etinct. "n ins#ne 3e$son coul/ not h#4e /one so li,e # s#ne 3e$son. u$the$ on the /#te o% the occu$$ence #ny chil/$en e$e 3l#ying inclu/ing his on cousin siste$. But %i$st o% #ll he g#4e # sic,le blo only to B#bu $# #n/ othe$ chil/$en o% the %#ily o% #ng#li #n/ b#bul #l #n/ not to #ny othe$ chil/.
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This shos th#t he /i/ not #ct un/e$ the in%luence o% ins#nity but only ith soe 3$e4ious /elibe$#tion #n/ 3$e3#$#tion. It is %u$the$ in e4i/ence th#t he h#/ gi4en th$e#ts to the itnesses. =e be#t =i$#l#l only hen he t$ie/ to sto3 the #ct o% be#ting o% chil/$en o% #ng#li #n/ Bh#iy# *#lHs %#ily ith ho he h#/ 3ic,e/ u3 >u#$$el 3$e4iously. *#stly # sense o% %e#$ 3$e4#ile/ in hi #n/ th#t is hy he #cte/ #s # s#ne #n by $unning #n/ then esc#3ing by ju3ing into g#nges $i4e$. So #ll these ci$cust#nces le#/ to one conclusion th#t he #s no t ins#ne #n/ he h#/ #cte/ li,e # s#ne #n #n/ ith soe oti4e. =el/: /e#th sentence #s u3hel/. Sant &ir =. State Of &ihar
it is not 3ossible #s to hy the st#te go4e$nent shoul/ h#4e insiste/ be%o$e $ele#sing the 3etitione$ %$o the j#il hen the 3etitione$ #s %oun/ to be co3letely $eco4e$e/ #n / co3letely %it %o$ /isch#$ge #n/ the$e #s #bsolutely no #$$#nt o$ justi%ic#tion in l# to / et#in hi. The $esult #s th#t the 3etitione$ continue/ to $ot in j#il %o$ # %u$the$ 3e$io/ o% ten ye#$s though he #s %ully $eco4e$e/ #n/ the$e #s no $e#son o$ justi%ic#tion to continue his /etention in the j#il. It is shoc,ing th#t # 3e$%ectly s#ne 3e$son shoul/ h#4e been inc#$ce$#te/ ithin the #lls o% the 3$ison %o$ #lost 16 ye#$s ithout #ny justi%ic#tion in l# h#tsoe4e$. =el/: The Su3$ee 7ou$t %u$the$ obse$4e/ th#t it shoul/ be # #tte$ o% sh#e %o$ the society #s ell #s the #/inist$#tion to /et#in # 3e$son in j#il %o$ o4e$ 16 ye#$s ithout #utho$ity o% l#. '38appa 'a#anna 4ingardi =. State Of Maharashtra
In # Bob#y c#se # o#n the siste$ o% the #ccuse/ $e3o$te/ #t the 3olice st#tion th#t he h#/ coe to b#n/# ee,ly b#@##$ on th#t /#y hich #s Mon/#y %o$ selling 3ot#toes #n/ onions #n/ %u$the$ th#t one 3e$son by the n#e #jj#33# &4icti' h#/ >u#$$elle/ ith he$ o4e$ the 3u$ch#se o% goo/s. The "SI o% 3olice ho #s on /uty coul/ not %ollo the l#ngu#ge o% the o#n ho #s #cco3#nie/ by the #ccuse/ the "SI sent # const#ble to b$ing the PS. the 3e$son co3l#ine/ #g#inst by the o#n. But in the 3$esence o% the s#i/ const#ble su//enly the #ccuse/ #tt#c,e/ the /ece#se/ #n/ behe#/e/ hi. I% t$#ns3i$e/ in the e4i/ence th#t he #ccuse/ h#/ the %its o% lun#cy #n/ hile in such %its he use/ to s#y th#t # tige$ #s coing to e#t hi o$ to ,ill hi. 15
=e use/ to he#$ the 4oice o% the tige$ #n/ use/ to $e%use to t#,e his %oo/. The #ccuse/ use/ to h#4e slee3less nights #n/ i% #t #ll he #s #slee3 he use/ to get u3 #n/ $un ##y un/e$ the st$ess o% %e#$ %$o the tige$. n the /#te o% the o%%ence the #33ell#nt #s #n/e$ing in the %o$est o% # he#4y sic,le &3#l ,oyt#' e3ecting # tige$ to coe. "%te$ # tho$ough #n#lysis o% the e4i/ence #n/ ci$cust#nces the high cou$t hel/ th#t the #ccuse/ #s entitle/ to the 3$otection o% section 9? IP7. &aijanti =. State
The #ccuse/ #s su%%e$ing %$o TB #n/ sto#ch 3#in %o$ the l#st soeties #n/ one /#y #long ith he$ in%#nt ju3e/ into the ell in hich inci/ent the chil/ lost he$ li%e but the l#/y #ccuse/ #s t#,en out #li4e. n being 3$osecute/ uNs )02 she 3le#/e/ ins#nity but the cou$t $e%use/ #s she h#/ no ,in/ o% ent#l #ilent #t the tie o% coitting the c$ie. =oe4e$ she #s s#i/ to h#4e coitte/ the #ct ith the ,nole/ge th#t the /e#th #s li,ely to be c#use/ the$eby. =ence he$ con4iction #s #lte$e/ %$o uNs. )02 to one uNs )0? %o$ coitting the o%%ence o% cul3#ble hoici/e not #ounting to u$/e$. Sri8ant nandrao &hosale =. State Of Maharashtra
The ci$cust#nces th#t st#n/ 3$o4e/ in the c#se #$e: The #33ell#nt h#/ # %#ily histo$y his #%te$ he$ #s su%%e$ing %$o 3sychi#t$ic illness. The c#use o% #ilent #s not ,non but he$e/ity 3l#ys # 3#$t. The #33ell#nt #s #lso being t$e#te/ %o$ unsoun/ness o% in/ since 1;;2 #n/ #s /i#gnose/ #s su%%e$ing %$o 3#$#noi/ schi@o3h$eni#. Aithin # sho$t s3#n soon #%te$ the inci/ent %$o 2
u#lity o% his #ct #n/ th#t l# %o$bi/s it but yet coit it #s # $esult o% the ent#l /ise#se. The *# 7oission o% In/i# in its ?2n/ $e3o$t #%te$ consi/e$ing the /esi$#bility o% int$o/ucing the test o% /iinishe/ $es3onsibility un/e$ IP7 s. 9? g#4e its o3inion in the neg#ti4e /ue to the co3lic#te/ e/ico-leg#l issue it oul/ int$o/uce in t$i#l. It is subitte/ th#t the *# 7oissionHs 4ie nee/s o/i%ic#tion since it is not in con%o$ity ith the l#test scienti%ic #n/ technologic#l #/4#nces #/e in this /i$ection. The$e #$e th$ee co3#$tents o% the in/ cont$olling cognition eotion #n/ ill. IP7 s. 9? only ee3ts one hose cogniti4e %#culties #$e #%%ecte/. The 3$o4ision is $eg#$/e/ #s too n#$$o #n/ #,es no 3$o4ision %o$ # c#se he$e oneHs eotion #n/ the ill #$e so #%%ecte/ #s to $en/e$ the cont$ol o% the cogniti4e %#culties 17
ine%%ectu#l. The 7ou$ts ust #lso #/o3t # b$o#/e$ 4ie o% the Ins#nity #n/ int$o/uce the conce3t o% /iinishe/ $es3onsibility. The In/i#n Go4e$nent #y #lso loo, #t the 3$o4isions o% the othe$ count$ies $el#ting to ins#nity. Siss Pen#l 7o/e s. 10 st#tes th#t K#ny 3e$son su%%e$ing %$o # ent#l /ise#se i/iocy o$ se$ious i3#i$ent o% his ent#l %#culties ho #t the tie o% coitting the #ct is inc#3#ble o% #33$eci#ting the unl#%ul n#tu$e o% his #ct o$ #cting in #cco$/#nce ith the #33$eci#tion #y not be 3unishe/H. This 3$o4ision is uch b$o#/e$ #n/ is bette$ suite/ %o$ the /e%ence o% ins#nity. The $ese#$che$ subits th#t the /e%ence o% ins#nity is too n#$$o #n/ ust be #en/e/ to suit the 3$esent /e#n/s. &ibliography-
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S + Mu$thy #n/ C S S#$# 7$iin#l *#J 1st e/. 2001.
+D B#su In/i#n 3en#l co/eJ ;th e/. 4ol 1 &2n/ In/. (e3.' 2006.
( P #thu$i#. Su3$ee cou$t on c$iin#l l#J 4ol.) 5th e/. 1;;6.
(#t#nl#l #n/ Dhi$#jl#l In/i#n 3en#l co/eJ 2;th e/. &2n/ In/. (e3.' 200?.
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